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longnose stingray
The longnose stingray, ''Dasyatis guttata'', is a species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae, native to the western Atlantic Ocean from the southern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil. Found in coastal waters no deeper than , this demersal species favors muddy or sandy habitats. The longnose stingray is characterized by its angular, rhomboid pectoral fin disc, moderately projecting snout, and whip-like tail with a dorsal keel and ventral fin fold. It typically grows to across and is brownish above and light-colored below.
Longnose stingrays feed mainly on bottom-dwelling invertebrates and small bony fishes. Reproduction is aplacental viviparous, with females bearing two litters of 1–2 pups per year. The young are born in relatively fresh water, move into saltier water as juveniles, and then back into fresher water as adults. This species is valued by commercial and recreational fishers in many parts of its range, and utilized for meat, gelatin, oil, and even the aquarium trade. However, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) presently lacks enough specific information on these activities to assess its conservation status.
==Taxonomy and phylogeny==
The first known reference to the longnose stingray was by German naturalist Georg Marcgrave in his 1648 ''Historia Rerum Naturalis Brasiliae'', under the name "iabebirete". Marcgrave's account formed the basis for this species' formal scientific description as ''Raja guttata'', by later German naturalists Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Schneider in their 1801 ''Systema Ichthyologiae''. Subsequent authors moved this species to the genus ''Dasyatis''. No type specimen has been designated.〔(Catalog of Fishes (Online Version) ). California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved on January 15, 2010.〕
Lisa Rosenberger's 2001 phylogenetic analysis, based on morphology, found that the sister species of the longnose stingray is the sharpsnout stingray (''D. geijskesi''), and that two form a clade with the pale-edged stingray (''D. zugei''), the pearl stingray (''D. margaritella''), the sharpnose stingray (''Himantura gerrardi''), and the smooth butterfly ray (''Gymnura micrura'', included in the study as an outgroup). These results support the growing consensus that neither ''Dasyatis'' nor ''Himantura'' are monophyletic.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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